As cause we often specify an event the occurrence of which first guaranteed that of the effect. This notion is explicated in a framework of branching worlds in Sections I to V. VI and VII point out its close relations to the concept of an agent's bringing about an event. The topic of the last two sections is the distinction between causes and necessary circumstances. For this purpose conditionals are used, interpreted with respect to branching worlds without a similarity relation (...) between them. (shrink)

In der Diskussion metaethischer Fragen spielt das Humesche Gesetz eine wichtige Rolle, nach dem normative Aussagen, d.h. Aussagen über Gebote oder Werte, sich nicht aus deskriptiven Aussagen ableiten lassen. In dieser Arbeit wird das Gesetz präzise formuliert und bewiesen, und es wird seine Relevanz für eine Kritik naturalistischer ethischer Theorien erörtert.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Die falsche Objektivität" verfügbar.

Dieses Buch ist aus diesen Vorlesungen entstanden und wendet sichprimär an Studenten. Sein Ziel ist es, ihnen das Werk Freges zu erschließen und sie zum Studium der Originaltexte anzuregen.

In der Diskussion metaethischer Fragen spielt das Humesche Gesetz eine wichtige Rolle, nach dem normative Aussagen, d.h. Aussagen über Gebote oder Werte, sich nicht aus deskriptiven Aussagen ableiten lassen. In dieser Arbeit wird das Gesetz präzise formuliert und bewiesen, und es wird seine Relevanz für eine Kritik naturalistischer ethischer Theorien erörtert.

Global supervenience of beliefs about physical states of affairs on such states has strongly counter-intuitive consequences about what beliefs we can nomologically hold. This is an argument against a global supervenience of all mental properties on physical ones, and, since that is implied by strong supervenience, also against that as the preferred materialist thesis.

Thema des Charmides, einem der fruhen Dialoge Platons, ist die Frage: Was ist Besonnenheit? Ernst Heitsch und Franz von Kutschera nahern sich dem Dialog auf unterschiedliche Weise und diskutieren verschiedene Aspekte.

In his dialogues Plato has frequently expanded ideas that he considered wrong from the start into new and interesting theories, only to throw them, it seems, demonstratively into his waste paper basket. Some of them have been taken out again only much later and have been declared, without mentioning their originator, to be milestones of progress. The paper illustrates Plato's intriguing play with theories by the example of the Cratylus, and then proceeds to two further examples that at the same (...) time display the fundamental difference between Plato's view of human nature, and that of philosophers who have adopted his discarded thoughts after over 2000 years: the hedonistic calculus in the Protagoras, and the rationalistic foundation of law in the Republic. (shrink)

Two criteria, one for distributive and one for commutative justice are formulated, the latter applying to cases of free cooperation. Both criteria follow Aristotle's idea of proportional equality which in the first case is equality in the fulfillment of legitimate claims, in the second case equality of the gains derived from cooperation. The theory of social welfare functions is employed in the definition of the two criteria, but such functions are applied only to morally or legally justified interests. A theory (...) of justice only has to say how to satisfy conflicting legitimate claims, it is argued, but not what interests are justified in some given context. (shrink)

Two criteria, one for distributive and one for commutative justice are formulated, the latter applying to cases of free cooperation. Both criteria follow Aristotle's idea of proportional equality which in the first case is equality in the fulfillment of legitimate claims, in the second case equality of the gains derived from cooperation. The theory of social welfare functions is employed in the definition of the two criteria, but such functions are applied only to morally or legally justified interests. A theory (...) of justice only has to say how to satisfy conflicting legitimate claims, it is argued, but not what interests are justified in some given context. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Die großen Fragen" verfügbar.

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